Marketing Is Not Just A Marketing Endeavor - 2234 Words

Without marketing, a business no matter how genius and innovative, the concept will fade away amongst the sea of other failed businesses. Public perception is not just a marketing endeavor; the larger a business gets the greater need for a department to help assist with the public perceptions of the company( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is not as easy as making up media advertisements; it is methodical process in which every step is crucial to the overall long term success of the product ( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is the basic concept of selling or buying products and services. This is generally some type of exchange of money, services, goods, or ideas. Advertising has vastly changed since the creation of the printing press;†¦show more content†¦The marketing strategy is simply put, the mix of all the efforts is included in the marketing strategy, and it is of course the positioning strategy that the company will use to increase their customer base vs. their competitors. According to Clow Baack (2010), A product s position is based on two elements, the product s standing relative to the competition and how the product is perceived by consumers, (para 1). In order for a company to be successful, there are many pieces of the puzzle to fit together. Just like a puzzle, those pieces have specific places or it does not fit correctly. A successful company (Clow Baack 2010). The consumers will have to understand who their target market is, and segment that market correctly, and the market will find the right methods to provide those messages to their consumers (Clow Baack 2010). An Integrated Marketing Strategy for Tide detergent will be explored. A brand is the sum total of characteristics that a consumer or potential customer attribute to a service or product. Brands can be very important for a company as it is often their primary source of competition advantage and highly valuable assets (KLARA, 2014). A brand helps to strongly influence consumers to purchase by getting consumers to base their purchasing decisions on different factors other than simply price (KLARA, 2014. Consumers will feel a certain way about the ad and even witness the personality of when developing

The Philosophy Of Philosophy And Philosophy - 1451 Words

Philosophy is recognized by the questions being asked, and the methods used to answer them. These questions are usually the ones that are open-ended, abstract, or the ones that lead to controversial answers. Due to the openness in philosophy, the uncertainty, there is not just one viewpoint that is completely accepted by all to be true. This leads to many disputes and conversations that are ultimately driven by the core of philosophy, which is its latin translation, the love of wisdom. Now, the wisdom tradition is a major aspect of philosophy. It works by seeking knowledge in order to understand human life, and how life is best lived. There are many intellectual people who have pondered upon the question of, â€Å"What is the optimal way of living?† This abstract philosophical question, has lead to many answers that are still up to debate. Augustine, a highly respected philosopher and theologian, used his understanding of human life in theology in order to answer this intensel y sought out question. Rather Socrates, also a highly respected philosopher, shifted away from using a theological undertone and foundation, and looked solely to knowledge for and as the answer. Socrates believed that knowing the nature of good leads to the best way of living, while Augustine believed that the root of wrongdoing, is not lack of knowledge but in the weakness of the will. There is a fine distinction between the two philosophers. Socrates’ finds that knowledge is the key to living the optimalShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Philosophy And Philosophy998 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy is the attempt at answering or understanding the questions that the being who is philosophizing yearns to know or wishes to understand. 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The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma Free Essays

The United States throughout its history has been built by the hard work and contributions of immigrants. Immigration has always been a vital part of the development of this nation from Colonial days until now; however, Illegal Immigrations has become an issue that is not just discussed by the politicians in Washington, DC and those Border States that are been affected most by it. The issue of Illegal Immigration over the last decade or so is now an issue that seems to be affecting more aspects of the Nation than most seem to be aware of. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Illegal immigration has the United facing a situation that it has not had to deal with in over two centuries. The issue of illegal immigration is poses several questions that need to be addressed; how did we get ourselves in the predicament that we are in? Was it the Government Policies and Laws that were or are not being enforced? Maybe, the lack of border security or could those employers who hire known illegal immigrants be the cause. Another, topic that needs to be address when considering the dilemma facing the US is; What impact does Illegal Immigration have on the countries overall Economic System? How does this problem affect our Health Care System, our Educational Systems and Employment opportunities for legal Tax-paying citizens? The most important topic of all is; what is a viable solution to the problem of Illegal Immigration? What type of Immigration Reform will work for all parties involved? Will allowing States to come up with their own laws, instead of relying on the Federal Laws be the right answer, or will revising the 14th Amendment, or Amnesty is the solution? Congress’ major intent when creating Immigration Laws and Policies both early in US history and recently was to accomplish the several goals; â€Å"First, to reunite families by admitting immigrants who already have family members living in the United States. Second, seeks to admit workers with specific skills and to fill positions in occupations deemed to be experiencing labor shortages. Third, it attempts to provide a refuge for people who face the risk of political, racial, or religious persecution in their country of origin. Finally, it seeks to ensure diversity by providing admission to people from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States† (Congressional Budget Office, 2006 p. 8); however, there are others actions, or lack of action by government agencies that seem to counteract the very intent of the laws and policies created. One example is the lack of funding and enforcement of our countries border security system. Another example is the non-enforcement of laws and policies governing employers who knowing hire illegal immigrants. Statements like the following by then President Bush, sums up the US governments state of mind and the country’s National Interest concerning the Illegal Immigration issue; â€Å"the U. S needs more cheap labor from south of the border to do the jobs Americans aren’t willing to do, there are uncalculated cost involved in the importation of such labor – public support and uninsured medical costs† (Costs of Immigration, 2007, para. 1). Illegal Immigration’s impact on the US economy can be seen in the following areas: Our Health Care System, our Education System and in Employment Opportunities for legal citizens. The net fiscal cost of immigration ranges from $11 billion to $22 billion per year, with most government expenditures on immigrants coming from state and local coffers, while most taxes paid by immigrants go to the federal treasury. The net deficit is caused by a low level of tax payments by immigrants, because they are disproportionately low-skilled and thus earn low wages, and a higher rate of consumption of government services, both because of their relative poverty and their higher fertility. This is especially true of illegal immigration. Even though illegal aliens make little use of welfare, from which they are generally barred, the costs of illegal immigration in terms of government expenditures for education, criminal justice, and emergency medical care are significant. California has estimated that the net cost to the state of providing government services to illegal immigrants approached $3 billion during a single fiscal year. The fact that states must bear the cost of federal failure turns illegal immigration, in effect, into one of the largest unfunded federal mandates. Yet we still have those who believe that illegal immigrants do not have an adverse effect on the economy (â€Å"Center for Immigration Studies†, 2006, para. 1). The Health Care system here in the US has probably seen the biggest impact of illegal immigration when looking at the overall picture and considering the dilemma as a whole. An example of these effects in Texas is the statement made by â€Å"Rick Alleyer, director of research for the Health and Human Services Commission, said illegal immigrant health care – mostly emergency hospital care – cost the state over $100 million last year† (Illegal Immigrant Care, 2010, para. 5). Throughout the country in states like Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California hospitals have had to either closing their doors completely or file bankruptcy because of federally mandated programs requiring free emergency room services to all illegal immigrants. The effects of illegal immigration on the US educational systems may not be as profound as they are for the health care system, the impact is noticeable enough for educators, politicians and state governments to consider when they receive yearly reports of how poorly their schools are performing, the increase in student population, and how the cost of education continues to increase. According to Edwin Rubenstein, â€Å"Immigrant children are poorer than native-born children, and their numbers have increased far faster. At least 19 percent of all K-12 enrollments are the result of immigration. In excess of 9. 2 million are immigrants or the children of immigrants. Because of their lack of language abilities, they take 25 percent of funding. Out of $499. 1 billion in the 2008 school year, $125 billion was spent on foreign born children† (Illegal Alien Education Impact, 2008, par. 7). Notice this was just considering secondary schools in the state of California. There are numerous states and schools that are rewarding illegal immigrants for enrolling in the schools, yet they are denying the same subsidies to lawful students or legal immigrants. The ever increasing number of illegal immigrants flowing into the US every month plays a dramatic role in displacing American workers, over the past five years it is estimated that 1 million legal citizens have been replaced by immigrants allow to come this country on work visas. Another area for concern pertaining to illegal immigration and its effect on employment opportunities is, the trend among illegal immigrants changing from the traditional few industrial area and parts of the country, integrating themselves into all sectors of the economy throughout the nation. The concern here is the increasing widespread demand for their labor. Having discussed some of the areas that our country are faced with, and most do something about, we now will look at some possible solutions on how to deal with this dilemma. Realizing that Immigration Reform is must do, what areas need to be addressed, and what adjustments need to be made is the question at hand. One of the many Immigration Laws and Policies that has been created over the years is the 14th Amendment and the â€Å"anchor baby† concept. This amendment has been in the news and on the mouths of politicians almost as much as Immigration Reform itself. The question that needs to be addressed is will amending this amendment provide enough assistance to drastically decrease the flow of illegal immigrants into the country? If we look at the direct effects that the 14th amendment has on the country some feel very strong about amending this amendment. For example some believe that rescinding the citizenship of anchor babies; â€Å"American hospitals welcome anchor babies†¦Anchor babies are citizens, and instantly qualify for public welfare aid: Between 300,000 and 350,000 anchor babies annually become citizens because of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution: ‘All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside. ’† (Illegal aliens threaten U.  S. economic system, 2008, para. 12). The concept of individual states enacting their own laws and initiatives could be the short term solution. Arizona’s AZ SB 1070 law, even though not fully implemented, is one such example of states taking matters into their own hands not waiting on the Federal government to enforce the laws they created. Arizona Senator Russell Pearce (2010) â€Å"characterizes the illegal immigration problem as one of invasion and quotes the Constitution: â€Å"The United States shall guarantee that every State of this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion† (p. ). Arizona is not the only state that has come up with laws to help deal with the illegal immigration population in their states; you have states like Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, and Oklahoma. The state of California has a bill that has begun the signature process, the California Taxpayer Protection Act of 2010, Initiative 09-0010. This bill is for â€Å"real world citizens, â€Å"The people of California have an opportunity to curb the illegal immigration. Many in California may not have seen the grass lately, but we’ve been seeding our roots† (Dvorak, 2009, p. ) The Illegal Immigration Amnesty bill was signed into law by President Reagan in 1986 in an effort to provide amnesty to illegal immigrants that entered the country before 1982. The intent was to be tighter security on the borders and stricter penalties for employers hiring undocumented workers. Needles to say, this law seem to accomplish the exact opposite. There are some who believe that with the proper oversight and funding this could prove to be a viable solution to the illegal immigration problem that the U. S. aces today. There are also those who believe that the Amnesty Law is a major cause of illegal immigration, many immigrants believe that once they get here to the U. S. they will qualify for amnesty in a matter of time. â€Å"Many in California believe the federal government has dropped the immigration ball over the last 40 years. â€Å"In Washington D. C. they have a few nicknames; reform is code word for amnesty† (Dvorak, 2009, p. 2) It is without a doubt that the US was founded on immigration and its many contributions over the years. The dilemma that we face today brings into question if the laws and policies of the past are serving their intended purposes, if they are still beneficial to the country, and if there are new laws that need to be created to address some of the issues that have been created because illegal immigration. Even though actual numbers of illegal immigrants were not discussed because of inaccurate data; the issues concerning how did we get to this point; what are the impacts of illegal immigration on the countries social and economic systems, and probably the ost the most import issue is what are we going to do about it. The solution to this dilemma should include, not just the enforcement, of the policies and laws established but, it should also make sure they are properly funded as well. The solution should contain initiatives that address those topics that negative effect the country as well as initiative that reward positive effects of illegal immigration; keeping in mind the countries national security and national interests in mind. References http://www.redstate.com/renny/2010/08/17/az-sen-russell-pearce-on-his-states-immigration-law-and-the-rest-of-us/ http://www.theamericanresistance.com/articles/art2005mar13.html http://www.rense.com/general81/illega.htm How to cite The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma, Essay examples

Research Paper Public Enemy Essay Example For Students

Research Paper Public Enemy Essay In the late 1980s and early 1990s no group or artist influenced hip hop more than public enemy did. Their flair for pop theater and racial drama broadened the aesthetic possibilities of rap music. As chief architect of the sound and fury that defined a turning point in hip hop, Chuck D enlarged the language of pop by creating a space for music that was stimulating, boldly, original, and unflinchingly political. In this paper, I am going to include explanations of what is Public Enemys music about, what messages did they conveying through their music and what influenced them to decide the theme of their music to be political, social and cultural consciousness and a description of their public persona and the ways of making music. Public Enemy started out as a benchmark in rap music in the mid-1980s. They were characterized as militant black nationalists by the media. That comes directly from how and when we grew up. We came up in the 1960s. Political and cultural groups like the Black Panthers, and the Nation of Islam were reference points. Our parents brought the work of these groups to our attention, and it was educational and inspiring. My parents were radicals politically, but more than anything they were young parents who actually understood that there was a need and a time for change. They had a respect for the civil rights movement but also understood the need to further it. As black people we were out to further our equality. I dont pay attention to the controversial connotations put on by media and the undermining labels they place on us. We pay attention to what our community situation is and what we need, says Chuck D. Chuck Ds political intent is reflected by the inclusion of controversial Muslim minister Louis Farrakhan, Malcolm X and the Black Panthers in a personal honor roll that also includes the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Jesse Jackson. (Chang, pg263) Were out for one thing only, explains Chuck D, and thats to bring back the resurgence of black power. But were not racist. Were nationalists, people who have pride and who want to build a sense of unity amongst our people. After deciding to major in graphic design at Adelphi University, a Long Island liberal arts school, chuck d entered Adelphi University in the fall of 1979 and formed the idea for Public Enemy. Soon after enrolling in college, Chuck D found himself gravitating toward a musical culture that was molding its identity and cultivating a distinct voice. Unfocused as a student he demonstrated great precision while working with his friend and future collaborator Hank Shocklee to hone their music making talents, build important professional networks, and establish their place in hip hop. The infusion of black nationalist politics in Public Enemys music and style was in tune with the times, the eighties; the Berlin Wall was up, Nelson Mandela was in prison, Margaret Thatcher was running the United Kingdom, Reagan was out of control in the White House and Bush Senior was Vice President soon to be President all these that ushered in a period of intense racial and political discord. Many Black people found themselves in the eye of controversial storms about affirmative action, diversity, and the degree to which race mattered In 1982 Chuck D moved a step closer to launching Public Enemy when he got his own radio show on Adelphi s WBAU. A DJ crew he had joined a few years earlier inspired the shows name, The Super Spectrum Mix Hour. In response to the shows popularity, the station manager expanded it to an hour and a half. In those days, WBAUs audience consisted of black listeners from queens and long island, in addition to young whites who enjoyed the garage music and indie rock that was featured on the station. When the show first began, there was not enough recorded rap music to feature on the regularly scheduled program. .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .postImageUrl , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:hover , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:visited , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:active { border:0!important; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:active , .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00da302ddd5255f2835dcdaea08eef3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Persuasive Speech Outline - Music Downloading EssayIn order to fill the time slot, Chuck d and the small crew he worked with began making original tapes of local talent to air during their broadcast. (Watkins, pg115) Chuck D started experimenting with his own vocals, honing the MC skills that would have left an indelible mark on hip hop. Though he was drawn to hip hop, Chuck D was not eager to sign a recording deal. His activities as radio personality, party promoter, mix tap producer, and MC had introduced him to a number of individuals who had been exploited by rap musics first wave of recording labels. From the very beginning of his rap career, Chuck D was different from most MCs. When he made his first commercial recording in 1987, he was 26, ancient in hip hop years. But he believed his age gave him added perspective, a more mature worldview about the realities of race, which shaped his approach to and purpose for rhyming. Rappers, he wrote in 1997, only rap about what they know, noting, I didnt want to rap about Im this or Im that all the time. Instead of boasting about himself or battling other rappers, he wanted to rap about battling institutions, and bringing the conditions of Black people worldwide to a respectable level. (Watkins, pg116) Chuck D and Public Enemy seized pop culture as a stage to act out a daring and symbolic revolution. Their politically charged symbolism was its main source of currency in the world of pop culture. Once Chuck D and Hank Shocklee agreed on a name for the group every aspect of public enemys image was carefully choreographed for maximum effect . Chuck Ds public persona was bold, serious-minded, and keenly intellectual. It was a calculated play on the legacies and images of strong black leaders. His pensive stare and fearless voice personified Malcolms by any means necessary expression of unassailable black masculinity and power. His forceful and disjointed message about economic freedom evoked Marcus Garvey and Louis Farrakhan, and his valiant plea for black freedom mimicked the spiritual legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. Contrasting with the steely image of Chuck D was jester-like character of Flavor Flav. Flav was Public Enemys hype man. With his comic sunglasses and an oversized clock attached to a chain around his neck, he became the groups visual focal point and a comic relief to Chuck Ds tenacious hard-rhyming style. If Chuck D was shrewd and serious, Flav was ludicrous and lightweight. Chuck D was visually backed by P. E. s choreographed dance team, The Security of the First World or S1W. This collection of black males dressed in militant-black code with Gestapo boots who moved in rhythm to routines resembling martial arts, military drills and Step Show dances lifted from college fraternities were doubled as the rap groups security team. source 3 ) Chuck D used his graphic design skills to create the famous public enemy logo of a defiant silhouetted figure caught in the scope of a firearm. The logo was like the group, rich with symbolism. It suggested that strong-minded blacks were Public Enemy number one and thus, one of societys most visible targets. Public enemys production team, named the Bomb Squad, adopted a genuinely fresh and radical approach to making popular music. They created dense soundscapes that relied on avant-garde cut-and-paste techniques, relentless beats, deep funk and incorporating sounds from everyday life -conversational dialogue, police sirens, TV news, street noise, ambulances and political speeches, These manners were essential to public enemys efforts to capture the tone and texture of young Americas urban milieus. (source 1) Critic Steven Thomas Earlewine declared that Public Enemy brought in elements of free jazz, hard funk, even musique concrte, through their production team, the Bomb Squad, creating a dense, ferocious sound unlike anything that came before. source 2 ) Hank Shocklee was one of the principal figures in the bomb squads sonic experiments. He characterized his approach to making music this way: .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .postImageUrl , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:hover , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:visited , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:active { border:0!important; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:active , .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufae0283d5470fb4382033ef4186e5d0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Historical Periods in Music EssayThe sound has a look to me, and public enemy was all about having a sound that had its own distinct vision. According to Schocklee, We didnt want to use anything we considered traditional RB stuff like bass lines formulated with funk were a little too melodic and groove-oriented and chord structures and things of that nature. Their style was anything but traditional and exuded a mood that was frenzied, furious, and funky. The sound needed for this group was something that suggested urgency, while Chucks baritone voice was almost reminiscent of a gospel pastor. If I had put melodic chords behind him, Chuck would have sounded like an RB croo ner, and I didnt want that. What I needed was something that would juxtapose with his voice so that he was the music, enabling me to just score things around him so that the overall effect was of fire and brimstone, as if the world was coming to an end. The beautiful thing about having Flav was that he might be considered a tenor. He was high? pitched, Chuck handled the low notes, and that marriage worked because of the sonics. Whats more, they both had distinct voices. The Bomb Squad created their music by using thousands of sound fragments to build what Chuck D called a sonic wall. If you separated the sounds, they wouldnt have been anything they were unrecognizable, Chuck D says. They called their music organized noise. Bibliography: Source 1 https://play.google.com/store/music/artist/Public_Enemy?id=Az3r53f4tfze76bygghaxtsm4wyhl=en Source 2 http://www.last.fm/music/Public+Enemy/+wiki Source 3 http://hiphop.sh/pe Source 4 https://rockhall.com/inductees/public-enemy/bio/ Chang, Jeff. Cant Stop Wont Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation. New York, NY: St. Martins Press, 2005. Watkins, Craig S. Hip Hop Matters. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2005.

UFO PHENOMENONS Essay Example For Students

UFO PHENOMENONS Essay Khieng NgoyProfessor LashCritical ThinkingMarch 15, 1999Two brothers by the name of Jesse and John noticed an odd looking metallic structure down the hill near their house in Rogerville, Tennessee. When they turned around, a very tall slender humanoid-like being emitted a bright light from his stick and thats when he and his brother blacked out. When Jesse awoke, he found himself being carried through metal corridors, and then he was placed on a cold table. Although Jesse was able to observe the surroundings, he said he was also paralyzed (Confirmation). Do you believe this story to be true of false? This is just one of many astonishing stories that have been told. Since the words unidentified flying objects were first used, there have been a few selected examples that can provide plausible proof for their existence. We will write a custom essay on UFO PHENOMENONS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of UFOs and flying saucers surprisingly has been reported as early as 100 BC by Julius Obsequens. He was a 4th century Latin Poet who wrote, At sunset a circular object like a shield was seen to sweep across the sky from West to East (Tracker 12). Strange sightings have been seen and written about but were never officially recorded as UFOs. In 1656, a Jesuit priest and scholar, Athanasius Kircher, wrote a book about two Angles that accompanied him on an out-of-body travel to the moon, sun, and five planets (Fitzgerald 4). These are just a couple of examples of early phenomenon, but it was not until the middle of the 20th century that mankind finally had the technology to fly and create an Air Force. It was an Air Force department search team that reported a strange sighting over the mountain peaks near the northern Pacific. Kenneth Arnold, a businessman and a veteran pilot, saw nine objects flying around the peaks similar to saucer plates skipping across water. At the tim e of the sight, Kenneth Arnold was assisting the Air Force to search for a C-46 transport plane, which was reported to be missing. Reporters from all over the country received reports of the incident and consequently ran articles, which credited Arnold for the term flying saucers (Hendry 12). This then created a domino effect with people throughout the country reporting to have seen UFOs. According to a 1978 Gallup Poll, 13 million Americans have encountered aerial objects that they could not identify (1). The complete book of UFOs stated that fifty percent of the American people think UFOs are real and that there are humanoid type beings like us that live on other plants in the universe (12). UFOs debunked as identified flying objects (IFOs) like weather phenomenons, planets, stars, man-made aerial crafts, vivid imaginations, and if anything else hoaxes. The reason for the confusion between UFOs and IFOs is because scientists believe average people cannot tell the difference between the two or have the knowledge about astronomy. In the middle of the century, amidst the paranoia of the Cold War, people were frightful of spy-like air crafts and missiles from the other powering nations. Skeptics believe that this was the reason why it was known as the American quirk (Hendry 7). Americans were searching and anticipating some sort of objects from the sky. This was about the same time our government began having secret test flights and nuclear bombings. If a person was at the right vicinity, some people did indeed witness unusual flying objects made by mankind for the government. Since the government wanted to conceal their project from the American people, common folks therefo re could not conceive nor explain the strange technologies that the government tried to build. What people could not recognize were assumed as UFOs. From The UFO Handbook, most IFOs are just the stars and planets doing things in an unusual array of lights. Thirty-five percent of all IFO encounters are related to the illusions that stars and planets make under special circumstances. That is the reason why reported times are usually from dusk until dawn. Science contends that with the right angle of light source, and at a certain time of day, starlight can be refracted into a rapid sequence of colors. Astronomers claim that stars can be made to appear in motion due

Martin Luther and John Calvin essays

Martin Luther and John Calvin essays Martin Luther and John Calvin were both very important men to the Reformation in Europe during the Renaissance and beyond. Although both Martin Luther and John Calvin were against the ideas of the Catholic Church, they had different views on social order and political authority in most cases. Martin Luther originated the ideas of the Reformation with his theory of justification by faith alone, which stated that one only needed faith in God in order to get into Heaven. Luther criticized the Catholic Church for creating their own practices or even superstitions, instead of following solely the teachings and practices of the Bible. He claimed that only two of the seven sacraments were valid, the Eucharist and baptism. Luthers views on social order went with the trend of other humanists of the time period. He believed in a more important role of the individual, an idea that differed radically with those of John Calvin. John Calvin was an extreme conservative, following the teachings of Martin Luther while also founding his own philosophies on social order. Calvin believed in predestination, the idea that it is predetermined who will be sent to heaven and who will be sent to hell. Calvin lived in Geneva for a period of time, setting its laws and guidelines for moral behavior. He was very intent on keeping Geneva as pure as possible. No drinking of alcohol, games, dancing or other immoral behavior would be permitted. Women also gained respect not found in other places in Europe. Men who beat their wives were severely punished. In most towns and cities what a man did with his wife was his own business; she was seen as a piece of property. These were the rules all Calvinists were to follow, with strict obedience. Martin Luther and John Calvin held more similar views on political authority than that of social order. Luther recognized secular power as valid and called for Christians to follow and obey the ...

A critical analysis of a scenario demonstrating an understanding of Essay

A critical analysis of a scenario demonstrating an understanding of the underpinning theoretical frameworks - Essay Example According to Kubler Ross just before the grief cycle people are stable in their emotions as they begin to take in the information about the individuals death. As they begin to grieve, they experience the following cycle: Although this may not be the case for everyone, it seems that Mr. and Mrs. Green have reached a stage where therapy is needed to get through their grief. Mr. Green is definitely in the anger stage. He wants to strike out at someone and he wants his son back. On the one hand he is in the denial stage because he wants to blame someone else for his sons demise. He doesn’t want to accept that his son could have done this on his on. Unfortunately we dont have a lot of information on Mrs. Green, but it may see that she is still in denial because she wants to keep some of his pictures around. We cant be sure whether this is because she has come to terms with her sons death or whether this is something that she is still holding on to because she is stuck in denial; we would need more information to tell. Mr. Green seems to be the focal point of the therapy session because he is the most vocal. As a therapist, I dont think the therapist in the scenario is doing her job. It doesn’t seem that the individual is helpful to her clients. She seems to want to distance herself from them instead of interacting with them. Although it is important not to hug a client in most instances, it doesnt seem from the information we have that this individual is actually helping them through the process. Some of the most successful therapists show empathy with tears or with a hug to a patient when they are grieving. It is clear that this is not this therapists style and although this is permissible, it doesnt seem like what this couple needs. To sense the clients private world as if it were your own, but without ever losing the "as if" quality--this is empathy, and this seems essential to therapy. To sense the clients anger, fear, or confusion as if

Height and the Weight of the Mother, with structure Lab Report

Height and the Weight of the Mother, with structure - Lab Report Example The taller mother’s with an Q2 average 1.68 tend to weigh more that the mother’s with Q1 of 1.58 at 50.57Kgs. The average mother’s weighs around 58 kgs and the average BMI of 22. The age of mother’s is around 28Kgs. As the age increases, the height increases and the weight increase too. Taller mothers have a higher BMI than the shorter, thus the height of the mother has an effect on the weight of the mother and has a direct correlation with the BMI. Age does not affect the height of the mothers. There is a moderate correlation between BMI and gestation days. Mother’s with a high BMI tend to have longer gestation period. The average gestation day of a mother is 279 days and with an average of 22 BMI. The BMI effect on gestation period can be traced to weight factor; thus mother’s who have a higher BMI have a probability of having longer gestation period. Further, taller mother’s have a higher BMI; thus the probability of the taller mother’s having longer gestation period is

Big Data Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Big Data - Coursework Example Managers should take the advantage of big data to improve services in their organizations. Big data can be used in all management functions from administration, marketing and finance. It acts as an information store in which data is stored over a long period and can be easily retrieved if need be (Baesens, 2014). Big data has five factors that determine is availability and usefulness, the five factors are volume, velocity, variety, variability and flexibility. Big data uses all these aspects for it to be reliable and easily accessible by businesses and individuals. For volume, big data is in very large volumes mostly in terabytes. Increase in data volume is due to many factors including data that is from the daily transactions stored for a long period of time and over the years. Unstructured data from internet platforms like the social media and virtual interaction sites and increased use of sensor machines in most organizations and the machine-to-machine information sharing data that collected over the years. The determination of relevance of the large data volumes, which sometimes may be irrelevant, is an emerging issue with the increasing storage costs. Businesses use some analytics to create usefulness from relevant data and discard the irrelevant data to reduce storage costs (Chamber, D hiraj & Minelli, 2012). Variety means that big data come in various forms and styles. The variations come by because of the different sources that the big data comes from. This ranges from information originating from the side of business applications, information and data from traditional databases, unstructured data from informal communications like text messages. With such a large variety of source s of data and streaming in on daily basis, management and governance of big data is a technical issue that many organizations are finding it hard to stabilize. Most of the big data is not necessarily useful to the

Shawshank Redemption: Critical Analysis of Subcultures

Shawshank Redemption: Critical Analysis of Subcultures Critical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 movie written and directed by Frank Darabont, featuring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The movie is a classic and is considered as one of the all-time best. The principal theme of the movie remains around the life of a prisoner, Andy, and tells us about the various circumstances and adversities faced by him and how does he manage to go through all this. The movie skillfully integrates the representation of harsh realities of the prison world and remains successful to a large extent in conveying the intended message to the viewer as to how brutal and harsh a prisoner’s life can be. The media generally portrays prison as an unpleasant and frightening place, and â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† is a prime case that backs the medias proposal about jails. In the film, we get acquainted with the character Andy Dufresne, played by Tim Robbins, a banker who is wrongfully sentenced for killing his wife and her lover. He is indicted and is sentenced to serve two lifelong incarcerations consecutively. While attempting to survive and discover his jail personality, he meets and becomes friends with Ellis Boyd Red Redding ,which is played by Morgan Freeman, a vendor, and Brooks Hatlen, played by James Whitmore, another life prisoner, in addition to other detainees. While trying to establish his place in the jail, he develops a kind of business relation with the guards’ in charge named Captain Bryon Hadley, played by Clancy Brown and Samuel Norton, the jail Warden, among several other staff members at the Shawshank jail. The movie provides an insight into several aspects of the life in a prison. These attributes include jail society; particularly the guard subculture and detainee subculture. Likewise, the film also demonstrates the adjustments to the jail’s environment, as start, prisonization or institutionalization and finally rehabilitation. The film also gives a view of the purposes behind utilization of the jail for discipline and how it works as a system. Guard Subculture There are various types of guards in prison; these include the rule enforcer, hard liner, people’s worker, synthetic officer, and loner (Cesaroni, 2009a). The rule enforcer is a quite inflexible guard who is mainly focused on maintaining the control. These types of guards are not much interested in negotiations with the inmates; rather they are more interested in displaying their power and authority over the prisoners. The people worker type guard is an older, more seasoned guard who relies on their verbal skills and common sense instead of physical force. The ‘Synthetic officer’ is a guard who treats the inmate fairly, and follows the rules closely, depending on the situation. The loner type of guard strictly enforces the regulations and is always on the lookout to prove their skills to other guards. The Warden, Samuel Norton, is portrayed as an individuals’ specialist to start with of the movie. This is accepted in light of the fact that the Warden is indicated to be a change oriented person. The Warden is additionally indicated to be a dedicated Christian; in the scene when he is initially acquainted with the gathering of people, he clarifies I put stock in two things, discipline and the biblical canon. However as the film advances we see that the Warden Samuel Norton is an extraordinary sample of the hard liner monitor, because of different activities. The Warden demonstrates his actual nature to be that of a hardliner guard, when he plots to have Tommy Williams slaughtered so Andy does not have a shot of escaping from jail. Another case for the Warden thought to be a hardliner guard is that he is utilizing the detainees as free work, while taking influences from contending offices. The film Shawshank Redemption traces the head guard, Captain Byron Hadley to be a decent outline of the tenet authority. At the point when Captain Hadley is acquainted with the group of onlookers he is hollering at another prisoner You consume when youre advised to consume, you crap when we say you poop, you piss when we say you piss because of the inquiry When do we consume? This delineates that Hadleys part is to implement the guidelines. Hadley delights in being a horrible and amazing guard who appreciates frightfully beating the detainees. The Captain additionally beats another detainee to death on Andys first night in jail. Inmate Subculture Inmate subculture is described as the norms, beliefs, values, ideologies, symbols, and language specific to a group of inmates in prison (Ishwawan Neugebauer, 2001). We will discuss two models for inmate subculture: the deprivation model and the importation model. The Deprivation model suggests that â€Å"the prisoners suffer and get frustrated due to the absence of liberty, privacy, free access to goods and services, heterosexual relationships, autonomy and security† (Stojkovic, Stan Lovell, 1998). This theory clearly says that inmate subculture is evident through the pains of imprisonment. While the importation model says that the subculture is evident because the prisoners are replicating the outside world. This model includes the prisoner-staff dynamic, 3 types of inmates, various racial groups within the prison population, type of offence, record of recidivism (re-offending), personality differences (prior to imprisonment), power of â€Å"politicians† (top of the inmate social hierarchy), work gangs, work groups, and sexual â€Å"deviation† which would directly affect inmate subculture. Both inmate subculture models comprise of a behavior code, a power hierarchy, an economic system for illicit goods and service distributions and â€Å"argot† rules. Argot rules are a set of terms that inmates use to refer to various roles in the prison subculture .The jail language incorporates terms such as fish, rat, gorilla, center-men, merchant, ball buster, tough, real man, wolf, fag and punk. Fish is a new detainee; in the film all the new detainees are called fish by other prisoners. As the new detainees are wandering in, there is another (more seasoned) detainee who is making motions about reeling-in fish. A center-man is a disagreeable prisoner who tries to opportunist with the jail power. In the film, Andy would be a good example as he helps the guards (and the Warden) with their taxes and deals with their cash. However when gotten some information about it, Andy denies the case. Andy is likewise enjoyed by other prisoners, once they get to know him, subsequently he would not be a complete focus man. A rivulet is an alternate illustration of a center man, however in the movie Brooks is well known, and everybody likes him. A merchant is a prisoner who offers things for sale when given the chance, for this situation Red is an impeccable illustration. Red is the fellow that can get it for you, cigs, liquor, anything inside reason. A wolf is a detainee that takes the male part in sexual experiences. These people are exceptionally forceful and are not of gay person introduction outside of jail. In the movie Bogs Diamond the leader of The Sisters group is a good example of this. Prisonization/Institutionalization To really comprehend jail and how it influences the individual Goffman depicted it as an aggregate establishment. An alternate approach to ponder jail is as a position of habitation and work where a substantial number of like-arranged people, cut off from the more extensive society for an obvious time of time, together lead an encased, formally directed round of life. This is in the feeling of the controlling structure and social association in which the jail capacities. Clemmer expresses that prisonization or regulation is the methodology of socialization of a prisoner into the subculture of the jail. This procedure incorporates researching the jails subculture, for example, values, convictions and practices that test the jail staff. Despite the fact that these guidelines and subcultures are set up to restore the guilty party they may fortify a few sorts of freak conduct too. Some individuals who enter jail wont completely receive the jail subculture. People who get tied up with the jail society have a tendency to have longer sentences, flimsy identities and have a tendency to not have powerless associations with individuals on the outside of jail (Cesaroni, 2009b). The people who oppose jail society have a tendency to have shorter sentences, stable identities and genuinely great associations with individuals in the public eye. In the movie, many characters had long sentences and effectively got tied up with the prisonization impact. A prime illustration of that is the character Brooks. Streams was in the jail for a long time, been sent to Shawshank Prison in 1905. He began to consider himself a paramount man inside the jail dividers since he had been accountable for the library since 1912. However he had no significance outside of the jail, and he couldnt get a library card on the off chance that he needed to. Red said all what needed to be said when dis cussing prisonization and the dividers at Shawshank Prison the dividers are clever, first you loathe them, then you get used to them, then you require them. Streams figured out the hard path while on parole, that following 50 years of being in jail and keeping the jail societies he couldnt live in ordinary society any longer. An alternate explanation behind people to get tied up with the prisonization or systematization influences is because of Sykes hardship model (Cesaroni, 2009b). This model expresses that the anxiety and troubles are brought about by the denying states of the jail itself which at last prompt the detainees adapting to jail society components. Sykes hypotheses on hardship are not far-removed regarding states of the jail. There is an ache in entering jail significantly after a detainee conforms to their new home. They have lost their privileges of freedom and are denied from merchandise, administrations, security and the choice of a hetero relationship. Prisoners are dealt with like kids by being advised when to consume, when to work, when to rest and actually when they can utilize the washroom. The offices are a poor environment on the grounds that there are rats and a high danger of ailments because of crowdedness with different prisoners. In the film, one of the new detainees asks Cap tain Hadley when they will consume to which he reacts that you consume when we say you consume. You poop when we say you poo. You piss when we say you piss. This was one of the bitter experiences for Red in the prison. Rehabilitation Recovery is a project and an objective that the punitive framework uses to help detainees come back to society without the dread of relapse. In the past it was accepted that culprits perpetrated unlawful acts in light of the fact that they were apathetic hence the prisoners required to buckle down with the end goal them should change. It was accepted that a solid hard working attitude was specifically associated with positive social conduct; consequently instructing prisoners to buckle down was seen as an approach to change them. It is currently accepted that genuine work can prompt restoring a prisoner in light of the fact that they learn abilities and create great work propensities that can be utilized as a part of society. This can likewise help the prisoners when petitioning parole. Prisoners who buckle down while in jail are seen more great by the parole board, since the need to re-irritate is diminished. Recovery is a science and it began being seen that route in Canada in 1935. It was viewed as that keeping in mind the end goal to restore detainees expert assistance from therapists, specialists and remedial chiefs was required. This functioned admirably until around 1970, when all the rights and activities gatherings began dissenting with the utilization of mobs, killings and prisoner takings. At this point the individuals were requesting a get extreme mentality towards lawbreakers and their wayward kids. After the common turmoil of the 1970s, restoration was brought go into the contemplations of amendments in new ways, it was felt that a few detainees had a place in the group, far from the masters and not bolted away in a correctional facility. Conclusion Jail has been delineated in numerous diverse movies through the years, each of them including Shawshank Redemption, has indicated to the world that jail is appalling. Shawshank Redemption has demonstrated that jail is a fierce place by showing how distinctive guards carry on and treat the detainees, and also delineating the way the prisoners associate with each other and the courses in which they attempt to make their day by day carries on somewhat more tolerable. The film clarifies how detainees change in accordance with jail life from the launch toward the start of their sentence; to restoring the wrongdoer go into typical society and in addition prisonization or regulation the prisoners experience. The film Shawshank Redemption additionally clarified how jail is utilized for discipline purposes and demonstrated that jail can work as though it were a bit of hardware. The media has constantly portrayed jail to be a negative spot and the film The Shawshank Redemption is a prime sample. While there are a few suppositions and suggestions that can be produced using the film about society and its convictions, two appear to emerge. The main moral ramification of the movie is the way to go that society takes a utilitarian perspective of morals. Under a utilitarian methodology, choices are focused around their outcomes (Johnson, 2012, p. 154) and normal rules dont apply in this situation. There are feelings that while certain activities, all by themselves, can be viewed as untrustworthy, the society is eager to view them all the more positively inside a certain setting. Case in point, there is by all accounts an innate requirement for individuals to feel that equity has been carried out, and certain exploitative practices may be adequate in attaining that end. This can be seen throughout the movie. Boggs, the pioneer of the Sisters, is beaten until he is deadened for harming Dufresn. Dufresn escapes from jail and takes $370,000 of sick gotten, laundered cash the whole tim e. Both of these may be viewed as untrustworthy all by themselves, yet the gathering of people is eager to hail both in light of a legitimate concern for equity being served. We see this same utilitarian view in the utilization of force in the film. The Warden and the guards misuse their energy to varying degrees and the group of onlookers is intended to grimace and look askance. Then again, when Dufresn misuses his budgetary capacities in an illicit action and escape or Red takes part in carrying things into the jail, the crowd praises. In a vacuum, the majority of the demonstrations are dishonest. Notwithstanding, the activities of Dufresn and Red appear to serve, in the eyes if the group of onlookers, to offset a percentage of the ill-uses of force and development the reason for equity. Therefore, they are taken a gander at as being moral in as much as they helped meet the moral standard of equity in spite of being dishonest themselves. The second ramification is the force of moral administration. This can be seen in the response of the two fundamental gatherings, the administering force of the Warden and the guards and Dufresns gathering, to their particular pioneers. On account of the guards, we see the impact that the administration of the Warden and Hadley has over them. As was said prior, the guards are roused to act in pitiless ways towards the detainees when around the Warden and Hadley, yet we see more moral and altruistic collaborations when the guards are distant from everyone else with the detainees. Indeed Hadley changes once the spell of the Wardens initiative is broken, sobbing on and on when he is captured. Hence, one sees the length and force of the shadow that the Warden throws. Rather than the guards, one sees the positive impact that Dufresn has on Red and other detainees in their gathering. When he arrives, they are useful and sober minded, surrendered to the way things are. Notwithstanding, Dufresn demonstrates to them that moral conduct and rightness can even now exist. This starts with their initially meeting, when he requests the name of a detainee who was beaten to death. This appears immaterial to the others however serves as an image of Dufresn bringing the morals of the outside world with him into the jail. Notwithstanding all that happens amid his stay, he never loses those morals. He never loses trust. Furthermore, all the while, he raises the moral level and level of trust for all parts of the gathering. Both men lead their particular gatherings through their activities and choice making. Ones activities lead in an unscrupulous way and the other in a more moral one. Through this, it is apparent exactly how persuasive the moral choices of a pioneer and the shadow or light they cast can be (Johnson, 2012). In this way, against the setting of the microcosmic subculture of Shawshank Prison, one sees the essentialness of equity and reasonable utilization of force to American culture. The saying Power adulterates and total force ruins completely, (Johnson, 2012, p. 11) turns into a reality inside the jail dividers and the characters are left to comprehend it. Eventually and incidentally, it is the apparently exploitative deeds of Dufresn and Red (who breaks his parole to go to Mexico) that restore the parity of equity and power that the crowd is looking for and, in doing along these lines, uncover the paramount part that these moral standards play in the public eye. References Analysis Of The Shawshank Redemption Philosophy Essay. Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/analysis-of-the-shawshank-redemption-philosophy-essay.php Ethics. In The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ethics Glotzer, L., Lester, D.. Marvin, N. (Producers) and Darabont, F. (Director). (1994). The Shawshank  Redemption [Motion Picture]. United States: Castle Rock Entertainment. Johnson, C.E. (2012). Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership: Casting Light or Shadow, fourth  edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Ltd. Justice. In The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ethics

The Earth Centered Theme of Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear

The Earth Centered Theme of Shakespeare's King Lear King Lear is a complicated, apocalyptic play with parallel plots, moral ambiguity, and a messy ending. The play's events were politically charged and historically informed when they were performed in seventeenth century England, as they continue to be to today. Whatever his intentions, Shakespeare has given us several universal truths to consider. One I like to consider is how beneath all the sinister and bold machinations of man lies the gentle earth, from which we, and all life, spring. Some critics note that Shakespeare was skeptical about God and the role of religion in one's life. I believe King Lear is the product of a writer with a solid cosmology, but one centered in earth and humanity. I hesitate to label Shakespeare a pagan, or anything other than brilliant. Yet there is evidence enough in the text for me to argue an earth-centric thesis. A close reading reveals those who employ common wording or down-to-earth speech as embodiments of goodness, whereas characters that insis t on the perfectly controlled, artificial utterances of the feudal court are corrupt at best, if not evil. The gods above are shown to be fickle and uncaring, if not bloodthirsty. Shakespeare also weaves in certain utopian visions into the fabric of King Lear, earth-based ideals, not only pre-Christian like the play's setting, but pre-historic; thus supporting the argument for an earthen cosmology and humanistic political consciousness, freely exhibited and often applied in the work. Unnatural Edmund Edmund rejects the very idea of baseness, or what we might think of as earthiness. He is skillfully used in the play to oppose to all that is common and good. His famous soliloquy in Act 1, Sc... ... manifest values of personal humility, caring, and wise stewardship of the land. Works Cited Elliot, Michael. King Lear by William Shakespeare. Princeton: Films for the Humanities. 1988. Starring: Laurence Olivier and John Hurt. Oates, Joyce Carol. " 'Is This the Promised End?': The Tragedy of King Lear." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. (Fall 1974) URL: http://www.usfca.edu/fac-staff/southerr/lear.html. Schneider, Ben Ross, Jr. "King Lear in Its Own Time: The Difference that Death Makes." Early Modern Literary Studies 1.1 (1995): 3.1-49 URL: http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/01-1/schnlear.html. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Edited by David Bevington. New York: Bantam. 1980. Smiley, Jane. A Thousand Acres. New York: Fawcett Columbine. 1991. Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. 1980.

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Essay

The â€Å"Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues† simulation explored the factors one must consider when an American corporation enters an international contractual relationship with a foreign business partner. The issues presented are as follows: What are the issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions? The legal issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions are the selection of which set of laws to follow and the forum used for dispute resolution. Specificity used in writing international contracts provides a clear structure for resolving potential legal issues. When defining the set of laws to follow in an agreement, one’s selection must consider the respective laws and regulations of the countries of origin for both companies as well as the involvement of any multi-national organizations such as the World Trade Organization, also known as the WTO. When selecting a forum, one must select between local courts of either business partner or international arbitration, either binding or non-binding. See more:  Perseverance essay What are some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country? Local political climate, impact to future business, length of time for proceedings, and effect on local public goodwill are practical considerations when deciding on whether to take action against a foreign business partner. These factors will decide if the potential financial gain of such a move will outweigh the long term financial, ethical, and legal impact to all parties involved. Additionally, one must consider possible intervention from the American or foreign governments as well as prevailing international organizations. What factors could work against CadMex’s decision to grant sublicensing agreements? Deciding to sublicense the production of CadMex’s drugs creates potential concerns of quality, time, and costs. CadMex must ensure it protects the quality of generic versions of its products by sublicensed manufacturers. Both CadMex and the local companies in companies must review the costs involved with establishing manufacturing in Candore. CadMex has the additional responsibility of factoring the cost of sublicensing to its earnings. Finally, the time needed to establish sublicensing agreements and local manufacturing may be an obstacle to success in this arrangement. When the local customs and laws conflict with the customs and laws of an organization operating abroad, which should prevail? Explain why. Situation dictates whether local customs and laws or the laws and customs of an organization operating abroad will prevail during a conflict. This is due to the potential impact of any legal action to the companies involved, the local population, and the governments of both organizations. In the â€Å"Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues† simulation, CadMex was required to consider local religious practices, the potential impact of a union strike and lawsuit, as well as any potential violation of American labor laws. How would you compare the issues in this simulation to the domestic legal issues discussed in your Week One readings? How should companies resolve domestic and international issues differently? The Week One readings reviewed the advantages and concerns with arbitration compared to litigation as a forum for resolving domestic legal issues in business. When resolving international issues, the laws of both countries affect which forum provides the best resolution, although international arbitration is recommended to avoid bias in local courts or the time and expense involved with litigation in either country. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2004). Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues . Retrieved October 12, 2013, from University of Phoenix eCampus: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/vendors/tata/UBAMSims/business_law1/busine ss_law1_intl_legal_ethical_simulation. html Melvin, S. P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business: A Managerial Approach: Theory to Practice. . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

194620 Secondary victimisation Essay Example

194620 Secondary victimisation Essay Example 194620 Secondary victimisation Essay 194620 Secondary victimisation Essay ( 1 ) Critically discuss whether the commissariats for the support, protection, and aid of vulnerable and intimidated informants are an effectual manner of covering with secondary exploitation. ( 2 ) Should victims of serious offenses, such as colza and the household members of homicide victims have the right to legal representation during the test? If so, should they be entitled to such representation at all phases of the test, or merely at the condemning phase? Introductory Note Part ( 1 ) requires a reappraisal of the relevant primary UK statute law. The statutory commissariats that are discussed below are non intended as an thorough but instead a representative list in this respect. The relevant European Union statute law is besides considered in this context, given the possible linkage to UK procedural patterns by operation of theHuman Rights Act, and others. Unless otherwise specified, the footingsvictimandinformantare given separate consideration ; each term is sometimes used interchangeably in the academic literature where secondary victimization is critically analysed. Part ( 2 ) is examined by manner of a two phase analysis: one, the UK attack to victim legal representation at the declared facets of the condemnable test procedure is considered ; two, a comparative attack is adopted to contrast the cardinal characteristics of similar victim representation governments in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The United States was non selected because the condemnable processs in single American provinces has spawned a assortment of somewhat inconsistent attacks that render a comparing with UK pattern hard. As secondary exploitation is the common component for treatment in Parts ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , the undermentioned definition of the term will be applied throughout the analysis. Secondary exploitationis defined as a circumstance or set of fortunes where a victim of offense ( or in limited fortunes, a household member of a offense victim ) sustains an enhanced degree of enduring due to the insensitiveness of either single individuals or a lawfully mandated procedure within the condemnable justness system, by virtuousness of the victim’s mandated engagement in the system. [ 1 ] The assorted elements of the definition are explored in item below ; secondary exploitation can happen at any occasion within the condemnable justness system continuum that is bounded by a victim’s initial contact with a individual in authorization as a consequence of the committee of a condemnable act, to any concluding contacts with the tribunal or other justness bureaus post strong belief or sentence. [ 2 ] The justness bureaus that have been examined most strictly as prospective culprits of secondary exploitation in the UK include the constabulary services, the Victim Service, the Crown Prosecution Service, defense mechanism advocate and the bench. The look ‘second wound’ is the redolent analogy that has been employed in the academic literature to depict secondary exploitation. [ 3 ] Institutional patterns and values that place the demands of the organisation above the demands of victims are implicated in the job. [ 4 ] An of import issue that is frequently overlooked in the academic interventions of secondary exploitation is the inalterable fact the all signifiers of exploitation have a deeply subjective constituent – there are grades and variableness to victim position. The civil wrong jurisprudence panacea refering the thin skulled complainant is correspondent here. Part ( 1 ) Vulnerable and easy intimidated people are a cardinal component to the map of the condemnable justness system. It is singular that given the prominence of exposure in every facet of offense as either committed or prosecuted that the condemnable justness system initiatives to convey comfort to the vulnerable within the procedure have been so comparatively recent in beginning. There are three basic groupings of UK condemnable justness statute law ( and back uping instance jurisprudence ) that impact upon secondary exploitation constructs. These may be set out in chronological manner relation to the advancement of a typical condemnable proceeding: The first class includes the bond commissariats that are centred upon theBail Act, 1976and its legion subsequent amendments [ 5 ] . These commissariats represent the first legal agencies available to restrict secondary exploitation. The UK condemnable justness system rests on the cardinal rule of the given of artlessness, a rule that is besides the operative footing of bond. Home Office statistics confirm that 55 per centum of all UK [ 6 ] bond orders contain conditions that require the accused to stay off from another individual, frequently the purported victim or a informant. The same statistical mention provinces that over 30 per centum of juveniles and about 10 per centum of grownup individuals breach their bond conditions [ 7 ] . Bail is an imperfect mechanism with which to forestall secondary exploitation in the signifier of prohibited contact with a culprit. The 2nd grouping of available statutory protections for vulnerable individuals are the assorted regulations regulating test processs. The Condemnable Procedure Rules set up a series of protocols to be followed where an accused individual moving on his or her ain behalf proposes to traverse analyze a kid informant or an alleged sexual assault victim of any age or gender. [ 8 ] The Rule prevents such individuals from carry oning their ain defense mechanism in this manner. In fortunes where the exposure or fright on the portion of the victim / informant is established as a fact at test, the combined consequence of the Particular Measures Directions [ 9 ] and the Consolidated Criminal Practice Direction [ 10 ] have created a farther series of procedural devices that are designed to protect the vulnerable participants. These steps include: A screen fashioned over the witness enclosure to allow the accused individual from physically doing oculus contact with the informant without impairing the ability of the accused to hear the informant and therefore do full reply and defense mechanism. [ 11 ] A unrecorded telecasting nexus between a secure room and the tribunal room, where the vulnerable informant and a designated informant support individual are positioned to take part in existent clip but through the distant agencies of closed circuit telecasting [ 12 ] The proviso of a witness’ grounds through an sanctioned intermediary [ 13 ] Evidence obtained by manner of a picture entering [ 14 ] The progress redaction of statements to be tendered by the Crown where the personal identifiers of the informant are removed The exclusion of the populace from the tribunal room ; publication bans with regard to the individuality or other personal specifics of the informant In sexual assault prosecutions in the UK, it is the line of oppugning refering the anterior sexual history of the alleged victim that the accused is permitted to prosecute that frequently raises the more profound inquiries of secondary exploitation. The House of Lords inA, Roentgen[ 15 ] ruled that such inquiries were by and large allowable in a instance turning on the defense mechanism of consent ; the UK strong belief rate in sexual assault prosecutions is less than 10 per centum. [ 16 ] Such statistics beg the inquiry – is a individual a victim as a consequence of an act, or merely upon strong belief of the wrongdoer? The 3rd grouping of legislative commissariats directed at secondary exploitation applies to the station finding of fact / sentencing phase. Victim impact styled statements are admissible for the intents of condemning ; the positions of the victim, as expressed in unfastened tribunal or in composing have changing grades of impact upon the condemning procedure. Like bond conditions, condemning commissariats frequently provide a agency of legal protection for the victim through prohibitions sing contact from the accused. The blunt legalistic linguistic communication of all three types of commissariats does non adequately convey the ineluctable truth of the relationship between a victim of offense and the procedure – one time a individual becomes a victim and reports the happening, they are public belongings. [ 17 ] It is submitted that the victim asde facto‘public property’ and the primacy of the accused right to be presumed guiltless creates a fertile environment for secondary exploitation to boom. The justness system as it is presently constructed can neer neutralize the chance. Viewed from this position, Part ( 1 ) poses the incorrect inquiry – instead than see whether the support and aid rendered to victims and informants is appropriate, the analysis could get down with the proposition ‘what do victim / informantstrulydesire? ’ If the system were oriented to turn to a determineddemand, as opposed to legislatively expectingresult, the replies would be more enlightening. Stated another manner, the current UK system is geared to procure the engagement of the victims and informants who might otherwise baulk at being involved. The system is non designed to needfully supply them with satisfaction in the consequence. Given the primacy of the accused’s involvements within the justness system, the UK Victim Support system is unusually efficient and end directed. The chiefly voluntary construction of the service is alone among Commonwealth legal powers, where similar services are funded at least in portion by the same authorities responsible for the prosecution. [ 18 ] To return to the inquiry of what victims and informants truly want, modern academic commentaries may be distilled to this expression as an reply: Voice / Respect / Trust / Neutrality / Time to talk with the prosecution[ 19 ] Part ( 2 ) Art frequently imitates life ; the fictional barrister Horace Rumpole, whose clients neer plead guilty and for whom ‘the given of artlessness is the aureate yarn of English jurisprudence’ [ 20 ] , is an accurate imitation of the public perceptual experience of condemnable justness and the primary importance attached to the rights of the accused. So long as this involvement is the premier mover of the condemnable justness system, all other involvements including those of the victim will be secondary. As significantly, there is an built-in public involvement in the effectual and orderly control of the test procedure. This construct demands a centralized prosecution service, vested in the State. Assuming that the single rights of a victim or informant within the test procedure are free standing and non merely a sub-set of the State responsibility to direct prosecutions in the public involvement that includes victims, the right to act upon the procedure must hold bounds. The wide prosecutorial public involvement can non be embodied in the private involvements of a victim, no affair how obliging their fortunes or how vile the offense. The legal representation of a victim to actively direct or act upon the behavior of a public test would be the terminal of public condemnable justness. The cause of a peculiar victim would potentially supplant the rights of the accused. If the victim of an alleged serious offense had the right to private legal representation, irresolvable struggles would show themselves in the undermentioned cardinal countries of trail process: the power to traverse examine informant the possible that alternate theories of liability may be offered the chance of revoking prosecutions The rights of a victim, no affair how redolent, must give manner to the right of the broader public to drag equity, certainty and predictability. However, assorted victims’ rights advocators, peculiarly since the early 1990s, have taken a different tack, one where a victim has their ain built-in right to legal representation at every phase of the procedure to forestall farther exploitation by asseverating control over the procedure. Victims rights advocators have argued that a profound struggle of involvement arises when the prosecution represents both the populace involvements and those of the victim. This place was the drift to the emerging field of victim legal representation. The authoritative illustration is the determination of the prosecution to offer a supplication agreement to an accused that is unacceptable to the victim ; the victim can non supplant prosecutorial discretion. [ 21 ] It is further submitted that a Fuller scope of victim representations within the test procedure would function to rise, and non cut down the chance of secondary exploitation. Greater engagement and procedural visibleness would transport a corresponding greater figure of chances to re-live or otherwise addition behavior with an unwanted memory. The current system may be said to mistake on the side of restricting victim engagement ; but if it is assumed that the true involvement of victims in the condemnable procedure are accurately captured by the expression described at the decision of Part ( 1 ) [ 22 ] , the current duty upon the prosecution to maintain victim’s informed, to guarantee that a victim has a voice at the clip of sentence while understating secondary exploitation is a sensible attempt to accomplish the aims of victim engagement. Australian enterprises to forestall ‘re-victimisation’ follow a theoretical account approximately similar to the present UK procedure [ 23 ] . The cardinal facets of the Australian doctrine may be reduced to the undermentioned points: that the attempts to forestall rev-victimisation are victim driven within the over all prosecutorial construction that the attempts of victim services to back up victims are crystalline and adaptable to the demands of the single victim These doctrines are echoed in the victim services programmes established in Canada and New Zealand. [ 24 ] The differentiation between victim support and legal representation must besides be delineated. [ 25 ] The UK policy that provides for a ‘Witness Care Unit’ to move as ade factoaffair between victim / informants and the prosecution is besides employed in the other Commonwealth legal powers noted [ 26 ] . It is common to help victims with recommendations that the party seek independent advocate on issues such as condemnable hurt compensation applications or possible civil amendss actions, procedures that are related to but non an organic facet of condemnable prosecutions. [ 27 ] The Victims Rights contemplated by current UK pattern are chiefly informational, without promoting the victim to litigant position in the proceedings. There is a farther evidentiary trouble sing an extension of a victim’s right to legal representation in the test procedure. A cardinal procedural device in condemnable tests is exclusion of informants from the tribunal room to forestall the informant from hearing the other testimony and perchance orienting their ain grounds in response. While such regulations are non an Fe clad warrant of evidentiary pureness, it is submitted that the ability of the tribunal to except a prospective informant who is besides a victim with legal advocate in attending creates the possible visual aspect of exclusion while their designate is listening to the grounds on their behalf. The condemning circle has been employed as a justness tool by autochthonal peoples in North America and Australia for centuries prior to white colonisation. It is the lone mechanism in modern condemnable justness that establishes a victim on an equal terms with an accused individual within the test procedure. The CanadianCondemnable Codeprovides that in the instance of Aboriginal wrongdoers, the accused individual may be sentenced by agencies of the condemning circle as an option toCondemnable Codecountenances. [ 28 ] The condemning circle is likewise authorised in Australian jurisprudence. [ 29 ] The sentencing circle is comprised of representatives of the offender’s community, including the victim and other of their household or relations. While the test justice maintains the ultimate authorization over temperament, condemning circles allow a important chance for input to be obtained from both victims and the local community. There are no ‘prosecution’ or defence’ entries as to punishment ; in add-on to doing representations sing the wrongdoer and the appropriate countenance, a victim and local community members besides provide important input into both the footings of countenance and how the wrongdoer may be supervised within the community. [ 30 ] It is an sarcasm of modern condemnable justness that the philosophical foundation that has supported the building of luxuriant precautions of victim / informant involvements in UK condemnable tests might see the simpleness of native condemning tribunals as a theoretical account for true community based renewing justness. United kingdomLegislative acts Bail Act, 1976 Bail Amendment Act, 1993 Crime and Disorder Act, 1998 Condemnable Procedure Rules, Special Measures Directive Rule 29.1 Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 Human Rights Act, 1998 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 United kingdomgovernments A, R v. [ 2001 ] UKHL 25 BailCrown Prosecution Servicehypertext transfer protocol: //www.cps.gov.uk/legal/section14/chapter_l.html ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) Cornwell, David ( 2006 ) Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice. London: Waterside Press Fenwick, Helen ( 1997 ) Procedural Rights of Victims of Crime: Public or Private Ordering of the Criminal Justice Process? Modern Law Review 60 ( 3 ) , 317–333 Mortimer, John ( 1988 ) ‘Rumpole and the Age of Miracles’ ( Penguin ) ‘Rebuilding Lifes – Supporting Victims of Crime’ Secretary of State for the Home Department, ( December, 2005 ) pp. 1-54 Victims and Witnesss ( 2007 )Crown Prosecution Servicehypertext transfer protocol: //www.cps.gov.uk/victims_witnesses/index.html ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) Victim Support hypertext transfer protocol: //www.victimsupport.com/vs_england_wales/coping_with_crime/criminal_justice_system/index.php ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) Youthful Wrongdoers and Child Witnesses ( 2007 )Crown Prosecution Service hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cps.gov.uk/legal/section4/index.html ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) European Union European Forum for the Rights of Victims ( 2006 ) ‘The societal rights of victims of crime’ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.euvictimservices.org/EFVSDocs/social_rights.pdf ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) Australia The Penalties and Sentences and Other Acts Amendment Bill, 2000 Patterson, Andrew ( 2005 )Preventing Re-Victimisation: The South Australian Experience hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aic.gov.au/publications/proceedings/27/paterson.pdf ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) New Zealand Ministry of Justice / Restorative Justice ( 2006 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.justice.govt.nz/crrj/manual/module-3.html ( Accessed April 9, 2007 ) Canada An Act Respecting Victims of Crime Victims Bill of Rights, 1996 (Ontario ) Campbell, Rebecca and Sheela Raja(1999 )‘Secondary Victimization of Rape Victims: Penetrations from Mental Health Professionals Who Treat Survivors of Violence’Violence and Victims, V. 14 ( 3 ) R. v. Gladue [ 1999 ] 2 CNLR 252 ( SCC ) Wemmers, Jo-Anne and Katie Cyr ‘What equity means to offense victims: a societal psychological position on victim-offender mediation’Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2006, 2 ( 2 ) Witness Protection Program Act, 1996 1

A Complete List of John Steinbecks Books

A Complete List of John Steinbeck's Books John Steinbecks books depict a realistic and tender image of his childhood and life spent in Steinbeck Country, the region around the city of Monterrey, California. The world-renowned novelist, playwright, essayist, and short-story writer was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. Growing up in a rural town, he spent his summers working on local ranches which exposed him to the harsh lives of migrant workers. These experiences would provide much of the inspiration for some of his most celebrated works such as Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck's Books John Steinbeck (1902–1968) was an American novelist, playwright, essayist, and short-story writer.His best-known work includes Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.  He wrote a series of short stories set in his hometown of Monterrey, California, about the harsh lives of migrant workers there.  He won the Pulitzer Prize for Grapes of Wrath in 1940, and the Nobel Prize in Literature for his body of work in 1962.   Best Known Books Steinbeck published 30 books, including several that were well-respected by both critics and the public. Among those are Tortilla Flat, about a charming group of layabouts who live near Monterey; The Grapes of Wrath about a farming family fleeing the Dust Bowl of Oklahoma for California during the Great Depression; and Of Mice and Men, a story of two itinerant ranch hands struggling to survive. Many of Steinbecks books centered around the difficulties experienced by Americans living in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. He also took inspiration for his writing from his time spent as a reporter. His work has stirred controversy and offered a unique view into what life was like for struggling low-income Americans. John Steinbecks Books 1927: Cup of Gold- A historical fiction based loosely on the life of the 17th-century pirate Henry Morgan.1932: The Pastures of Heaven- Twelve interconnected stories about the people in a valley in Monterrey, California, a place which would become central in many of his later works.1933: To a God Unknown- Four brothers who move to California to work a ranch and struggle when drought takes away all they have grown.1935: Tortilla Flat- A small band of Hispanic paisanos in Monterrey enjoy life in Monterrey (Steinbecks first big success).  1936: In Dubious Battle- A labor activist struggles to organize fruit workers in California. Movie still from the 1939 Hal Roach production of Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. Here, George (Burgess Meredith) talks with his oafish friend, Lennie (Lon Chaney, Jr.). Corbis / Getty Images 1937: Of Mice and Men- Two displaced migrants seek work in California during the Great Depression. The book was often a target of censorship for its vulgarity and offensive language.1937: The Red Pony Stories- Episodic novel appearing in magazines between 1933 and 1936, first published together in 1937, about a boy and his life on a California ranch.1938: The Long Valley- A collection of 12 short stories, written over several years and set in the Salinas Valley of California (includes the first Red Pony story).   L-R Dorris Bowden, Jane Darwell and Henry Fonda on the set of the film The Grapes of Wrath. Corbis / Getty Images 1939: The Grapes of Wrath- A poor migrant family from Oklahoma and their struggles to find a place in California. Steinbecks best-known novel and winner of the Pulitzer and other literary prizes.  Ã‚  1941: The Forgotten Village- A documentary film written by Steinbeck and narrated by Burgess Meredith, about a Mexican village grappling with modernization.  1942: The Moon Is Down- A story of a small coastal town in northern Europe which is overrun by an unnamed army (thought to be a fictionalization of the occupation of Norway by the Nazis in World War II).  1942: Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team- A nonfiction account of Steinbecks experiences with several World War II American Army Air bomber crews.  1945- Cannery Row- A story of a disastrous party thrown by the inhabitants of a small town in California for their friend Doc.  1947: The Wayward Bus- Interactions of a cross-section of people at a crossroads bus stop in California.1947: The Pearl- An immense pearl brings ill-effects to an oyster fishermans family.   1948: A Russian Journal- A report from Steinbeck on his travels through the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalins rule.  1950: Burning Bright- A morality story meant to be produced as a play, during which an aging man goes to great lengths to have a child. A fishing boat moves on to a trailer pulled by a truck, in Golfo de Santa Clara, Baja California, in Mexico. Fishermen from this area fish in the Sea of Cortez which is the habitat of an endangered porpoise, La Vaquita. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images 1951: The Log from the Sea of Cortez- Steinbecks personal log of a six-week expedition in the Gulf of California he made with marine biologist Ed Ricketts. Written in 1941, published in 1951.1952: East of Eden- A novel about two Salinas valley families in the first two decades of the 20th century, based on the story of Steinbecks own ancestors.  1954: Sweet Thursday- A revisit of the people in Cannery Row, taking place after the main character Doc returns at the end of World War II.1957: The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication- A political satire, exploring what might happen if an ordinary fellow was selected to be the King of France.  1958: Once There Was A War- A collection of articles written for the New York Herald Tribune while Steinbeck was a foreign correspondent during World War II.1961: The Winter of Our Discontent- The struggles of a Long Island man whose family has fallen from an aristocratic level to a middle-class existence. Steinbecks last novel.  1962: Travel s with Charley: In Search of America- A travelogue of Steinbecks road trip across the U.S. in a hand-built camper with his dog Charley.   1966: America and Americans- A collection of articles from Steinbecks career as a journalist.  1969: Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters- A series of letters written by Steinbeck to his editor during the writing of East of Eden. Published posthumously (Steinbeck died in 1968).   Mexican-American actor Anthony Quinn, American actors Marlon Brando, Lou Gilbert and Harold Gordon on the set of Viva Zapata! directed by Greek-American Elia Kazan. Corbis / Getty Images 1975: Viva Zapata!- A screenplay written by Steinbeck was used to produce this biographical film about the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata.  1976: The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights- An adaptation of the legend of King Arthur, started in 1956, and unfinished at his death.  1989: Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath- Edited and annotated version of Steinbecks personal journal written while he was working on The Grapes of Wrath. Prizes for Literature   Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 for The Grapes of Wrath, and a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962, an award he did not think he deserved. The author was not alone in that thought; many literary critics were also unhappy with the decision. In 2013, the Nobel Prize committee revealed that the author had been a compromise choice, chosen from a bad lot where none of the authors stood out. Many believed that Steinbecks best work was already behind him by the time he was chosen for the award; others believed that the criticism of his win was politically motivated. The authors anti-capitalist slant to his stories made him unpopular with many. In spite of this, he is still considered one of Americas greatest writers and his books are regularly taught in American and British schools.